What Was the Involvement of Ordianry Germans in the Holocaust Essay Sample free essay sample

With explicit notices to at any rate three declarations. evaluate the capacity of standard Germans in the Holocaust. The normal Germans had an obscure and generally discussed work in the Holocaust during WW2. Much exploration has been embraced by historiographers, for example, Daniel Goldhagen and Robert Galletely into the capacity the main part of common Germans played in the Holocaust. The degree to which the mass comprehended and unreservedly bolstered the Nazis in their mistreatment of the Jews is dubious. This mass. by the by. did non hold such a significant effect in the holocaust as the minority gatherings. which either bolstered and helped the National Socialists and as such were genuine heroes of their motivation. or then again were set up to help the Jews in supporting abuse. for example, individuals from the Catholic and Protestant Churches. There were other than common Germans who were utilized to help the Nazis in their vanquishing as part of all their twenties four hours occupation. for example, Hefer. a German truck driver. Antiquarians do non hold entirely on the commitment of the greater part of normal Germans during the Holocaust. Daniel Goldhagen contends in his book â€Å"Hitler’s Willing Executioners† . that the majority of the German populace had full comprehension of the Nazis mystery plan against the Judaic individuals and were eager to participate. Be that as it may. others, for example, Gellately differ that the German open were carefully Anti-semitic. on the other hand it is accepted they were exposed to a cagey purposeful publicity machine. In any case. the request stays with regards to why they didn’t stand up en mass to the Nazi Regime. Hitler’s purposeful publicity minister Joseph Goebbles utilized his best endeavors to look for and ‘Sugar Coat’ the Holocaust and shrewdly warrant the intercession Jews were being able to. in any case. Germans in the blink of an eye discovered what was being done to the Jews. Hefer. a German Truck Driver. seen the J ews being arranged and shooting by Ukrainian heroes of the Nazis. he states ‘As in a matter of seconds as a Jew set down. a Schutzpolizist joined a submachine weapon and shooting him in the dorsum of the caput. The Jews who plummeted into the gorge were so terrified by this horrendous scene that they entirely lost their will’ . Occasions, for example, these no vulnerability. simple started go arounding through the German masses. It would look there are two boss grounds why the heft of the German people did non effectively restrict the Holocaust. they were either terrified of the Nazis or they upheld the political direction in rule. Dread of the Nazis was solid all through the conventional German masses ; many accepting that there were Nazi covert operators in each aspect of their general public. Moreover. once Hitler came to control in 1933 he made the Nazi Storm Troopers. called the SA. these work powers were utilized to police the roads and to cover with anyone that contradicted the Nazi Regime. These work powers imparted fear into people in general and constrained them into quiet when it came to dubious features of the Nazi guideline. These tempest cavalrymans carried on their work great into the clasp of the Holocaust. along these lines hindering numerous Germans from confronting the Nazis. for trepidat ion of their lives and the lives of their family units. Gellately contends that the climate of frenzy and dismay was improved by ‘denunciations’ from customary Germans. in which they would portray any cautious ‘anti-Nazi’ action to the neighborhood Nazi approval. On the different manus. Daniel Goldhagen contends that numerous common Germans upheld the counter semitic places of the Nazis and would hold happily get associated with the holocaust whenever asked to. hence they were effectively on the side of what Hitler was making. The Holocaust did. all things considered. have numerous political and military challengers. Some other than originated from the German populace. These individuals were a minority. also, they did non hold the full help of their companions and neighbors behind them. They did non have confidence in the filtration of the German race and did non parcel the Anti-semitic places of the Nazis. The not many that contradicted the Nazis included individuals from the Catholic and Protestant Churches. certain people and other slackly sorted out gatherings. an outline these individuals is Hans and Sophie Scholl. This sibling and sister mix was segment of a peaceful resistance bunch called the White Rose. which planned for dispersing cognizance of Nazi power and looking to stop it. At long last they were found by the Nazis. trialed and executed in 1943. foregrounding the most extreme peril of this kind of resistance. As appeared in the transcripts and declarations. disciplines for defiance were awfu l. It peruses ‘That the blamed have in cut for war by offices of cusps required the damage of the war endeavor and deadly implements and for the oust of the National Socialist way of life of our people’ . Promulgation was other than extremely viable here. ‘to the terminal that the German individuals would be denied of the National Socialist way of life and in this way other than of their specialists. ’ . These standard Germans played a capacity in looking to end the Holocaust and paid a definitive money related worth. Close by the minority of normal Germans who effectively restricted the Holocaust. were the Germans who bolstered what the Nazis depend on and the moves that they were making against the Jews. These normal Germans were individuals who had previously decided in favor of Hitler in the 1933 or 1938 decisions that happened before the holocaust. or on the other hand individuals who were influenced by the Nazis promulgation technique that they had taking up to. furthermore, during WW2. Daniel Goldhagen contends in his book ‘Hitler’s Willing Executioners’ that conventional Germans. whenever allowed a chance to murder a Jew. would hold done it. This announcement is by and large discussed and numerous Historians concur that just a minority of Germans would hold consented to slaughter the Jews and of these the most would non hold challenged completed their guarantee. This minority did. by the by. help the Nazis from various perspectives. essentially boycotting Judaic concern and driving them out of German towns and from their places. An outline of this was the Kristallnacht. the demolition of Judaic sanctuaries by the Nazis and its heroes. A German school male kid reviews the occasions of the Kirstallnacht. ‘Walking past the sanctuary when a gathering of work powers drove by Paul Wolff. a neighborhood carpenter†¦ broke into a count and raged the passage of the building†¦ household items came winging through entryways and windows’ . This history shows how willing a few Germans were. to help the Nazis in achieving their finishes. Conventional Germans played a various and confounded capacity in the Holocaust. There is no vulnerability their conduct can be for the most part sorted by regard to Nazi waies one time the war was going all out. by the by. little yet decided restriction was dynamic on numerous degrees yet for the most part scattered because of exceptional assessment and dismay. We can isolate three boss gatherings ; the first of these gatherings being the greater part of Germans who didn’t go effectively engaged with the holocaust even with the perception of the occasions that were taking topographic point. latent section and similarity. The second were the standard Germans who helped the Jews in malignance of Nazis dangers. The last gathering were the Germans who transparently and effectively bolstered the Nazi political direction and were set up to help them in their mistreatment of the Judaic individuals. It very well may be contended that the normal Germans of WW2 were a populace with grou ped positions and positions for the most part molded by purposeful publicity and dread. this at last formed their commitment in the Holocaust. List of sources/References Goldhagen. D 1997. Hitler’s Willing Executioners. Math device. London Hefer 2004. World Holocaust Forum. seen 18 February 2013 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. worldholocaustforum. organization/eng/people/5/gt ; . US Holocaust Memorial Museum 2010. The Nazi Terror Begins. seen 16 February 2013 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. ushmm. organization/outreach/en/article. php? ModuleId=10007673 gt ; . Inge Scholl. The White Rose: Munich. 1942-1943 ( Middletown. Conn. : Wesleyan University Press. 1983 ) . pp. 114-118 Alfons Heck. The Burden of Hitler’s Legacy. ( Frederick 1988 ) pp. 61-62 Judaic Virtual Library 2003. The Holocaust: An Introductory History. Seen 16 February 2013 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. jewishvirtuallibrary. organization/jsource/Holocaust/history. hypertext markup language gt ; . Victor Klemperer. Ich will Zeugnis ablegen Bi zum letzen. Tagebucher 1933-1941. Berlin: Aufbau-Verlag. 1995. pp. 16-17 Gallately. R 1997. Sponsorship Der fuhrer: Consent and Coersion in Nazi Germany. Oxford University Press. London Yale University Library 2012. Holocaust Survivor Testimonies. Seen 16 February 2013 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. library. Yale University. edu/declarations/gt ; . Yad Vashem 2013. Declarations Collection. Seen 17 February 2013. lt ;hypertext move convention:/www. yadvashem. organization/yv/en/about/visual_center/usc. asp gt ; . Bernstein. M 1996. Be the Slaughter of the Jews grasped by the Germans. NY Times. Walk 27 1996 PBS 1996. Meeting With Daniel Goldhagen. seen 15 February 2013 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. phosphate cradle arrangement. organization/newshour/gergen/goldhagen. hypertext markup language gt ; . Ezzard. J 2001. Germans Knew of Holocaust ghastliness about expire cantonments. The Guardian. 17 February. seen 18 February 2013 lt ; hypertext move convention:/www. safeguard. co. uk/uk/2001/feb/17/johnezard gt ; . [ 1 ] . Goldhagen. D 1997. Hitler’s Willing Executioners. Math device. London Thesis [ 2 ] . Hefer 2004. World Holocaust Forum. seen 18 February 2013. [ 3 ] . US Holocaust Memorial Museum 2010.

Analysis of the attempted merger of AT&T and T- Mobile Research Paper

Investigation of the endeavored merger of AT&T and T-Mobile - Research Paper Example Both the associations fought that the proposed merger does not have the ability to influence the remote help rivalry. They expressed that different remote specialist co-ops can without much of a stretch supplant the opposition lost as a result of merger and the merger would predominate the impacts of hostile to rivalry. AT&T would have liked to purchase T-versatile from Deutsche Telecom with the arrangement adding up to 39 billion dollars. With the impact of the arrangement AT&T turned into the biggest cell phone specialist organization in United States as the arrangement accompanied in excess of 33 million supporters. In the event that the arrangement would have been acknowledged AT&T would have delighted in a piece of the pie of 43% enlarging the hole with the contenders further (Communications Workers of America, 2011). Research addresses Whether the endeavored merger among AT&T and T-versatile great or not. Writing Review and Analysis Some analysts represented the idea that the merger would add to improve the market power. The remote market just as the post paid market is profoundly accumulated at the national level utilizing the edge of rules of Horizontal Merger. The fixation falls in the range where DOJ and FTC close. The rules give that fixation and pieces of the pie are estimated on income premise. The incomes are inferable from the offices based transporters in the remote market. Utilizing Herfindahl-Hirschman record they indicated that the methodology will add to upgrade advertise power. It was seen that T-portable proceeded as the noteworthy contender inside the market structure (The New York Times. 2011). Different contenders didn't have the ability to manage the leeway that came about because of the disposal of T-portable from the structure of rivalry. The effectiveness cases of AT&T were exaggerated and the efficiencies came about because of the merger was bad enough to defeat the impacts of against rivalry. It was likewise di scovered that the merger was probably going to build the serious disservices for different players in the market (Besen, Kletter, Moresi, Salop and Woodbury, 2012). The expenses got higher while the quality standard got diminished. The impact was likewise felt on meandering administrations by constraining the entrance of the players on driving edge handsets. The serious importance of the players would have endured and would have prompted entertainment of remote duopoly. The costs of remote administrations fell and inversion to compelling duopoly would turn around the additions from remote rivalry. The blending organizations were not offering separated items at various nearby costs based on neighborhood states of rivalry. In this way it was important to assess the serious impacts of national market just as the different conditions in various neighborhood advertises (The Center of Media Justice, 2012). On the off chance that worries are found at the national level, at that point it wo uld not be workable for the worries to deal with the confined markets. At one time the Guidelines of merger expressed that lone little antitrust markets would be broke down yet the methodology is disregarded by antitrust offices approaches. On the off chance that the arrangement would have truly occurred the buyers would have been hurt by two waves. The present clients of T-portable will currently need to decide on AT&T’s costly telephones and information designs instead of the worth evaluated PDAs and modest information plans. The primary point of AT&T in the merger was to make a

Twin Peaks Review Essay Example

Twin Peaks Review Paper Paper on Twin Peaks A book adaptation of the acclaimed once the arrangement Twin Peaks incorporates five books Twin Peaks: The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer Twin Peaks: Memoirs of FBI Special Agent Dale Cooper Twin Peaks : The homicide examination. Book 1 We will compose a custom paper test on Twin Peaks Review explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom article test on Twin Peaks Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on Twin Peaks Review explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Twin Peaks: The homicide examination. Book 2 Twin Peaks: Who murdered Laura Palmer The initial two, as I would like to think, is more fruitful than the following. One of the destinations had perused the surveys for The Secret Diary of Laura Palmer, starting with the words don't inhale on a magnum opus is still connected with the book, just this expression. Truth be told, the book is questionable and caused a ton of debates and mistaken assumptions. I also have since quite a while ago idea, how to assess the item, in any event, for herself. I concur with the individuals who accept that on the off chance that you read this journal conceptual of the film, notwithstanding raising of hair stun impact, most likely won't be . What's more, just on the foundation of the film, particularly in the event that you are a fanatic of his, The Diary of Laura Palmer gains an uncommon intrigue. The very pith and type of portrayal Its an adolescent journal. Does anybody recall, at this age, hurled among great and abhorrence activities, attempting to recognize yourself to yourself at that point? It is just with grown-up stature appears that youth a brilliant time, comply with your folks and instructors and become a man. Yet, my God, how it is troublesome, if everything is fascinating and I need to attempt. What's more, any boycott just blends intrigue. And afterward extremely simple to take out of control, and after each demonstration, that you yourself additionally set itself awful, it appears that there is something acceptable in you kicked the bucket, and you alongside it great, as well What's more, you were youth journal  «Memoirs of FBI specialist Dale Cooper likewise a sort of journal tapes. Understand that, to be perfectly honest, it was very exhausting. Journal of Laura appeared to be more brilliant, regardless of whether you expel all the stunning minutes. Cooper with his repetitive indifferent character and the name of Diana (which I will dream!) At the start of each sentence As a people passionate, similar to him or choke, or quit perusing:) Be that as it may, so unique, however carefully drawn, completely open saints. . Here it is, directly from inside his own I to the peruser on a platter By and by I demand that perusing these books without seeing the film is inane. Simply after the film you get the living saints with all the suggestions of their conduct and activities, as in the film, and in the continuation of the book Thus the possibility of ​​creating a book variant - . My praise . for the structure accommodation My assessment of earnestness, feeling and inside trustworthiness. Be that as it may, everything else in the book only the foundation for our side interests different pieces of this secretive stories .

Globalization for Opportunities and Threats -myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Talk about theGlobalization for Opportunities and Threats. Answer: Presentation A Multinational Corporation (MNC) is an association, which has its administrative center in one that is known as home nation and maintains its business in some different nations, which are known as host nations. As the term demonstrates that worldwide organization is a business substance, which works its business in more than one nation. At the point when an association extends its business all inclusive, at that point it might have a few chances and dangers from this globalization. The primary target of this article is to examine the chances and dangers, which are created by globalization. The conversation will be finished by taking a gander at a MNC from creating market. The association, which is mulled over here, is Alibaba.com that is China based organization and extended its business all inclusive. This exposition will feature the chances and dangers for Alibaba.com in global market of Australia. It will break down the contrasts between building up the market in home country or host country. The dangers to the organization will be investigated by taking a gander at some outside and interior elements of home and host nation, for example China and Australia. Organization Description Alibaba Group Holding Limited is an internet business association, which is situated in China. Alibaba.com encourages the administration exchanges between two unique associations. It offers business to purchaser, customer to buyer and business to business administrations through its site. Different administrations, which it gives, are online installment administrations, internet searcher for shopping and distributed computing administrations. Allibaba Holding set up its tasks in the year 1999 and it was found by Jack Ma. In the year 2017, the incomes of the organization are 158 billion. With this income, the organization has become the greatest retailer in the region of web based business and working its business tasks in more than 200 countries (Lashinsky, 2007). This internet business association has transformed into the most driving e-retailer on the planet by achieving incomes and deals a far distance to significant contenders, similar to; Amazon, eBay, Wal-Mart and so forth. Globalization Globalization is the way toward developing the business and financial association among a few nations. By and large, globalization is ordered into two sections, similar to; globalization of creation and globalization of business sectors. Globalization majorly affects the business condition with offering advancement to the Multinational Corporation. In any case, the associations, which have been fruitful in other outside nations, don't generally get accomplishment in the creating market. For an association to be fruitful in developing business sector, the organizations require understanding the neighborhood condition by giving time and assets (Baylis, Owens and Smith, 2017). The associations may have different chances and dangers in remote market. Chances of Globalization Globalizing the business can hugy affect the leaders and procedure of dynamic procedure for creating interconnected choices for development. The leaders need to settle on the choices with respect to whether the association should grow in particular nation. This can be dictated by taking a gander at various angles, which are referenced beneath. These are the significant chances, which may produce in growing the business internationally. There is an immediate connection among globalization and execution of a MNC. At the point when an association grows its business in global market, it is normal that the associations will act in better manner as far as diminished costs, expanded deals and incomes and upgraded upper hand over the rivals in new market (Beamish, 2013). In this situation, Alibaba.com is growing its business in Australia nation, so it additionally may have a few chances, which will be valuable for its business activities. The organization is building up its business in the Australian areas with the vision to construct an entire foundation that is required to make the neighborhood organizations ready to extend business globally. As Alibaba.com is working its business in online business industry, so it is exceptionally simple to extend its business in different nations through its universal site. Along these lines, the web can be viewed as a chance of globalization for its business. Through web, Alibaba can go over the fringes and arrive at its potential clients with its items and administrations. Likewise, the chiefs may find the chances to utilize the HR in universal market as they move in the direction of the objectives of productivity, which are set by the hierarchical top administration (Bryan, 2015). One of the significant open doors for Alibaba is the exchange of mechanical information and headway in globalization. This can lead the association towards development in inventive and best procedures for web based business. The association may have the chances to tie up with the national and global chains of various retail locations for acquainting their items and administrations with a wide client base (Deresky, 2017). Extension in Australian locales will empower the organization to set up better relations with the vendors of Alibaba in the area and it will expand its accentuation on business system outside China. This globalization will support cross-fringe online business market of China. The MNC is putting resources into Australia, which exhibits its responsibility to serve the expanding number of outside retailers and its goal to dispatch progressively worldwide workplaces in the coming future (Heshmati Lovic, 2012). The online purchaser infiltration in Australia is the second most noteworthy in general Asia Pacific district. Because of low populace in Australia, number of computerized purchasers is low in the nation. The organization has its essence in the nation however doesn't have an impressive piece of the pie (Dunning, 2014). In the year 2014, Aliexpress of Alibaba had piece of the pie under 1% in online business industry, while eBay had around 20% piece of the pie. Presently, online business in this nation is developing with the fast pace and outperforming the development of physical stores (Hill, 2008). In this manner, globalization is basic for the general development and advancement of Alibaba.com. Australia can add to its development and associations improved spotlight on this particular area can lead this to similarly higher development. The hierarchical procedure for globalization will offer the association a chance to set up its picture and nearness outside China. By taking a gander at these perspectives, the leaders can the compelling choices with respect to the globalization (Jorgenson and Givens, 2014). The chiefs settled on choice that they will make association with Woolworth association in Australia. Dangers from Globalization Whenever the globalization might be considered as an open door for leaders and organizations, it can likewise be talked about to be a risk to all the huge and little associations. In growing the business in Australia, the chiefs at Alibaba.com may confront a few dangers in settling on choices with respect to globalization. One of the significant dangers is rivalry from rivals in the host nation, for example Australia. The organization may confront the opposition from Google.com, Baidu.com, Australia Post and eBay, which is as of now entrenched in the nation and having a critical piece of the overall industry. This can influence the incomes of Alibaba in outside nation (Lovvorn, 2011). As examined over, the number of inhabitants in Australia is lower than different nations, so there will less clients of the web activities and web based shopping. For making them mindful, the association needs to put resources into limited time and publicizing exercises, so they can effectively be occupied with the online procedures. Also, changes in the client inclinations and way of life have left Australia administrations pursuing advancement of internet business industry and putting forth attempts to remain with the creating retailer markets (Pearl, 2017). As Alibaba.com is an online business and it follows an e-plan of action in the business. For the most part, the web based business doesn't affected by political elements, however filling in as an internet business player, the association need to think about the tax laws, charges and other political angles. In Australia, the online contributions of the Alibaba.com can be affected in terms of professional career laws and guidelines of the nation. In the event that the organization abuses some political laws and guidelines of nation, at that point items may not be appeared on the site of the association (Meyer and Peng, 2016). It represents a significant danger on the companys nearness in the new market. There might be some social components, which can present risk to Alibaba.com and its leaders. Alibaba is working its business in excess of 200 nations. In this way, the distinctions in culture may affect, what the merchandise and enterprises Alibaba shows to the clients. For getting this, there will be need of advertising examination and learn about the inclinations, requests and tastes of clients. There might be contrasts in the nation tastes. In this way, the chiefs ought to consider that there will be contrasts in the arrangement offered for Australian purchasers from bargains for Chinese purchasers. Association may confront a portion of the moral and social obligation issues in globalization. What's more, legitimate components may likewise cause difficulties for the association. Around here development, the organization needs to adhere to the laws of both the nations, for example China and Australia. In the web based business, a portion of the legitimate contemplations incorporate arrangements for utilization of coupon, terms of utilization, abrogations approaches and other data with respect to purchasing the items at Alibaba.com. There might be contrasts in the laws and arrangements of both the nations, so it might fill in as a danger for choices producers. The association needs to think about the expenses of the contenders (Pieterse, 2015). There might be chances that contenders sell the produc

My Stomach Overrides All Priorities

My Stomach Overrides All Priorities If theres one thing I am utterly terrible at, it is prioritizing. My top priorities of the moment keep getting supplanted as more and more pressing Ideas Of The Now pop into my head. Today, the pecking order ascended from the somewhat ambitious Find a UROP to turn into a thesis! to Keep learning Haskell! As I paged through windows at an excruciatingly slow pace in my browser to do just that, I was seized by the sudden necessity to Write a browser quicksearch tool to make online utilities more efficient to use! which rapidly degraded into But I need to set up a server somewhere first for it to run on! But since I didnt want to run a server off my laptop, and MITs virtual machine service is down for maintenance, I regressed to Organize rush logistics that probably should have been sorted out last week! I actually managed to complete this. Which leaves me with at least four pressing tasks, and the burning question of what to do for a thesis. This is the reason, if you were unlucky enough to see my room last year, that my walls were papered entirely in post-it notes. Moving away for the summer gave me a chance to start anew, with wide-eyed dreams of exclusively electronic planning, but I already have one big one pinned right in front of my workstation just in case  I forget trivialities or forget to check Google Tasks, as I am wont to do: Feed Kristinas cat until Thursday, and dont forget she lives in Jordans room. In a heroic effort to atone, I spent a whole morning powering through little tasks (DONT FORGET TO EAT BREAKFAST, archive old emails, organize closet) and making an authoritative list of pre-Reg-Day priorities, which I promptly tacked above my monitor so that I probably couldnt miss it. Then, because Facebook fed me three solid meals a day five days a week for twelve weeks and I didnt get to touch a kitchen this summer, I ran headlong into the warm, humid embrace of the Fifth West kitchen. I simmered a giant beef stew with potatoes and onions and grains and then shredded cilantro and cheddar on top and the cheese melted all over the starchiness of the potatoes and it was wonderful. I husked and roasted ears of corn with tons of pepper and chili. I made dough for two giant loaves of peasant bread and set it aside to rise for tomorrow. I smashed an avocado into guacamole with a lime and a pinch of salt and ate it all. I baked tiny, terrible pies filled with nutella and bananas and strawberries with my neighbor Ale. I brewed deliciously, punchily strong espresso syrup, rendering Kahlua obsolete in my pantry, and drank it cold on the rocks like a gentleman despite lacking milk or cream to test it on. And then, because I am a terrible blogger who has been accustomed to carrying an iPhone for the last twelve weeks and is now extremely full, I forgot to take a single picture of my mouthwatering reunion with food. Tomorrow morning, Ill tackle numero uno on my conspicuously block-lettered list of priorities, for reals: Find a UROP to turn into a thesis. Until then, home sweet MIT.

The Cost of Globalization Two Accounts of India - Literature Essay Samples

In both Aravind Adigas The White Tiger and Katherine Boos Behind the Beautiful Forevers, a rapidly changing India threatens and deprives those adhering to a traditional way of life, such as Balram’s family in Laxmangarh, and the community of slum-dwellers in Annawadi. Therefore, the two of these groups must change in order to compete in this new world. Both Asha and Balram are negatively affected by the globalization of India; however, they plan to escape the restraints of globalized India by sacrificing their morals and justifying their actions with the belief that economic success is more important. Balram justifies his actions by calling them â€Å"acts of entrepreneurship† (9). The reality of globalization is either the surrendering of one’s morals to attain economic success, or being left stranded in the impoverished part of India that the other half has left behind. Aravind Adiga and Katherine Boo vividly conjure the tension between the old and newly globalized India, indicating that succeeding in the modern world (as Balram does) requires a combination of ethical and personal compromises. The Americanization of India allows Balram to momentarily alter his caste. Balram also recognizes the nature of globalization and how to take advantage of it by saying; I‘m always a man who sees ‘tomorrow’ when others see ‘today.’ † (274). He makes the conscious choice sacrifice parts of himself and completely alter his identity in order to become successful. He states: â€Å"The tale of how I was corrupted from a sweet, innocent village fool into a citified fellow full of debauchery, depravity, and wickedness† (189). When he lived in the village, there is no doubt he was financially struggling, however he describes himself as sweet and innocent. By the time he is rich, he has become â€Å"full of debauchery† and even describes himself as wicked. Through the process of escaping the restraints of globalization, he had to surrender parts of himself in order to attain what he considered to be success. Balrams recognition of the increasing competition resulting from globalization contributes to his actions that result in his corruption and loss of identity. The effects of globalization in India do not stop at poverty and hunger. While the rest of the country is advancing quickly, those in economically unfortunate situations such as Balram and Asha are forced to sacrifice their identities, families, and morals. In the shadow of the other part of India which is reaping the benefits of globalization, the slum-dwellers of Annawadi struggle to survive. Capitalist globalization has resulted in hunger, unspeakable poverty and disease, racial and gender inequality, and an explosion of slums. Nevertheless, Asha has planned to become a slumlord and then then ride the citys inexorable corruption into the middle class. (xvii) In a community of struggling families, there will always be those who are willing to abandon their morals and identities to achieve economic stability. Asha is selfishly driven by her poverty and greed. Similar to Balram, Asha has managed to overcome guilt because she cannot afford to feel it if she wants to be successful. â⠂¬Å"Guilt of the sort that had overcome Robert was an impediment to effective work in the city’s back channels, and Asha considered it a luxury emotion.† Gaining financial and political power in order to overcome the poverty globalization has caused take an emotional toll on Asha and Balram. Asha has to suppress her true feelings of guilt for what she does because she sees the emotion as an obstacle in the way of success. Surrounded by luxurious hotels and a large airport, Asha is in constant reminder that she is facing all the detriments of globalization, while other parts of India are prospering. She takes advantage of the corrupt politics influencing India.The influence of Western society and foreign powers are the cultural invaders and have forced the natives of Mumbai and Bangalore into positions of inferiority and created a corrupt society. For the wealthy, the effects of globalization pose no problem, but as Boo demonstrates, the same cannot be said for the poor. New rules, customs, and designations of worth have shifted due to the influence of foreigners. Globalization does not end at economies but extends even further and permeates into the cultures of nations. Globalization has won in destruction of native culture, distribution of colonial power, mechanization and westernization. It has destroyed privacy in all fields and has helped to promote consumerist culture. It spread the concept that westernization is a part of civilization. Everything is superior if it is western liquor, girls, language, dressing. Globalization replaces the native culture by consumerist culture. Consumerist culture aims in the destruction of native culture and identity. As globalization strikes India, citizens like Balram adopt a new perception of society a perception that values Western culture over their own. â€Å"I should explain to you, Mr Jiabao, that in this country we have two kinds of men: Indian liquor men and English liquor men. Indian liquor was for village boys like me toddy, arrack, country hooch. English liquor, naturally is for rich. Rum, whisky, beer, gin anything the English left behind†(73). Balram describes the English liquor as being â€Å"naturally† for the rich, as if it is something so commonly ingrained into society that one can predict that the upper class primarily consumes English over Indian because of their financial status. India has been divided into the rich and the poor. Due to Americanization and Globalization the cultures between the two parties are vastly dissimilar. â€Å" ‘Please understand Your Excellency, that India is two countries in one: and India of light and and India of darkness’ † (12). Because of this segregation, if the poor want to find the â€Å"India of light† they have to sacrifice a lot. The difference between the two Indias is mainly the advancement and globalization of the light India, compared to the traditional culture and poverty in the dark India. The issue with globalization for the characters Balram and Asha is that they are being taunted with a rapidly advancing society just out of their reaches. The faster the new India modernizes, the more different it becomes from the societies Balram and Asha are from. The towns left behind in poverty and hunger fall to corruption. Those willing to, like Asha and Balram, recognize and take advantage of their corrupted governments: â€Å"Now that she had the Corporator’s ear, she could fix more such problems on commission. And when she had real control over the slum, she could create problems in order to fix them – a profitable sequence she’d learned by studying the Corporator† (20). Asha recognizes that success is attainable by â€Å"studying† others. The becomes ultimately corrupt when she plans to create problems just so she can fix them. She makes herself indisposable by sacrificing and suppressing parts of her identity. Those left behind from a globalizing India will only fall further and further back from the modernized society India is becoming unless they take full advantage of the corrupting the globalization has instigated in the slums. Getting out of the poverty of India comes at the high prices of internal oppression and the abandonment of tradition and culture.With out the knowledge of the advancements of globalization, it’s likely these character’s lives would never change the way they did. The sacrificing of their ethics comes down to the pursuit of their goals. Without the globalization of India, Balram and Asha would not have these ideas of success in their minds that influenced their actions and internal betrayals. From observing a new India where money is more important than culture, these characters are adoptive of the modernized India’s societal expectations. The reality of globalization is exposed when it is shown that values and culture are not interchangeable with the new customs that a globalized society offers.

Essay on Morality

Essay on Morality Being a part of a society every human is trying to follow some moral principles that define what is good and what is bad, what is right and what is wrong. All of these determine our actions made in various life circumstances and shows our moral values as well. This essay will aim to discuss the concept of morality and describe the main issues related to this philosophical question that may be never answered. What is morality? Lots of definitions can be applied to the concept of morality. In short, morality is regarded as an attempt to define who we are from the position of some right and wrong actions we do and thoughts that we think. Throughout thousands of years philosophers have been trying to solve the issue about defining the concept of morality. â€Å"Many man many mind† approach is what can be applied to the problem. Nevertheless, it is possible to try to think over the question and reveal the common sings of morality that can be meaningful for us in a modern society. What is meant by a moral person? Can it be properly interpreted? The concepts with multiform meanings such as morality can be illustrated in the real world on practice and thus possibly defined in some way. Lets assume, you are going back home at midnight and find a purse on the sidewalk with lots of money and some bank cards with a name on it. You can find the person and return the stuff, will you do it? Or will you choose to keep it for yourself and use somebody elses money for your own purposes? Your action in this specific situation defines your morality. Your decision can show whether you act right or wrong. Still, another question arise – is it right to give the purse back to its owner if you are in need yourself? Maybe this is a sign and life supports you when you need it? No one knows the right answer, because it does not actually exist. Each of us defines from our own point of view what is right and what is wrong, and it may has nothing to do with the concept of morality as it is defined by a modern world and other individuals. Are people in a modern society loosing their moral values? Modern society is more likely to lose moral values with the time flow. It happens because of materialism that affects peoples mind and prevails moral values. Technical progress contributes to this as well. People keep on earning money and buying products they need, so they tend to try to buy everything they want. This fact devalues moral characteristics in some way and make people do morally wrong things even subconsciously just because of the materialistic way of thinking. Additionally, public manners influence others actions. Looking at someone doing something in a public place may affect others. Lets take an example with a public smoking. First of all, it is actually forbidden and should be so. Secondly, it has nothing to do with a moral manner when a man is walking with a cigarette in his hands while there are many people around, including children. The bad influence of the Internet on moral values of people is not the exception too. Today it is available all over the world, people have an access to the Internet and spend a lot of time there reading social media, comments to the blogs, political reports, etc. One can easily find a lot of bad things posted there, which harms and abuses other people. Adults may not take care of it, but children should be protected from this in the first place as they see bad words, consider them to be normal and copy the manner of communication. In conclusion People in a modern society tend to loose their moral values, which is influenced by materialism, public thinking and manners, and the Internet as well.

Fences Father Son Relationships - 1325 Words

The Apple Doesn’t Fall Far From the Tree Have you ever heard the term, â€Å"the apple doesn’t fall far from the tree† or the term, â€Å"like Father, like Son?† According to the Cambridge English Dictionary, these are terms used to suggest â€Å"a child usually has a similar character or similar qualities to his or her parents.†(dictionary.cambridge.org) This is particularly evident in August Wilson’s drama, Fences. During Fences, Wilson introduces three perplexing father-son relationships. In each, the son tries to eliminate the preconceived notion that he will inevitably be like his father while simultaneously trying to escape the constraints his father has placed upon him. Ultimately leading the son to unconsciously emulate and follow in the†¦show more content†¦This would prove to be a pivotal and defining moment in Troy’s life. It was at this moment that Troy knew he had to leave his father’s house and was forced to be a man. Despite leaving home at a young age to escape his father, Troy’s father had an everlasting effect on Troy and ultimately influenced the way Troy parents his own children. In the following paragraphs, I will demonstrate how intergenerational transmission of parenting impacted Troy, Troy’s children and will quite possibility impact the future generations of the Maxon family. At the young age of 14, Troy’s father caught him fooling around with a girl down by the river. Troy’s father physically attacked him and then proceeded to rape the young girl. (Wilson 1265) Troy was forced to witness this horrific event. His father was completely insensitive to Troy’s feelings and the feelings of the young girl, showing no remorse for his actions. Instead he showed Troy that masculinity creates superiority over women. Unfortunately, Troy developed the same lack of sensitivity and an overcompensating sense of masculinity. This may have also been what led Troy to his own philandering behaviors of cheating on his wife Rose with Alberta. Both men felt like they were entitled to their behaviors.Show MoreRelatedFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences1223 Words   |  5 PagesFather-Child Relationships in Hamlet and Fences In both William Shakespeares Hamlet and August Wilsons Fences, the emphasis placed on parent-child relationship is vital, as family plays an important role in developing a characters values as well as his or her upbringing does. While Ophelia, Laertes, and Hamlet show loyalty to their fathers unconditionally, Cory, even though looks up Troy as a figure, eventually exhibits disrespect to him. The relationship that Ophelia shares with her fatherRead MoreCharacter Analysis of Cory in The Play Fences by August Wilson1109 Words   |  5 Pagesdeath of a salesman father-sonfffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff ffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffff fffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffffd Troy Maxson’s father-son relationship is anything but desirable. The harder Cory works to better himself, theRead MoreFences Research1694 Words   |  7 PagesImpact of Physical and Psychological Boundaries in August Wilson’s Fences The early 1950’s was a time of enormous importance because of the Civil Rights Movement which emphasized equal rights for blacks and whites. According to the book Approaching Literature, this time period became very familiar to August Wilson, the author of the play Fences. Wilson, an African American man, was raised by his mother and his ex-convict father. For a short period of time, before moving back to his old neighborhoodRead MoreFences, By Fences By Homer879 Words   |  4 PagesFences In Fences, Wilson tells us that there is always a kind of protection between fathers and sons, but at the same time, it is also a kind of restriction. Fathers always do not know how to express their love or even not sure about their love, causing their sons to be perplexed and hesitate whether their father really loves them. the doomed love between fathers and sons is then appeared. The relationship of the main character of fences, Troy, and his son, Cory, is a typical example of thisRead More Comparing Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson1267 Words   |  6 PagesArthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson Death of a Salesman by Arthur Miller and Fences by August Wilson have similar themes of conflicts between fathers and sons, conflicts between husbands and wives, and the need to focus on a small unit of space in order to achieve success. In the process of developing these themes throughout the two plays, three similar symbolic elements are used including the insecure father figure, the other woman, and the garden. The fathers in the two playsRead MoreFences Is A Play Written By August Wilson In 1983.The Play1181 Words   |  5 Pages Fences is a play written by August Wilson in 1983. The play investigates the evolving African- American experience and looks at race-relations, among many other themes. The main character of the play is Troy Maxson, a 52-year-old who struggled to satisfy his family need. Troy has had his dreams taken from him. He wanted more than anything to be a pro baseball player, but his career was stopped because of racial discrimination, which, lead to a misconception between Troy and his son. In thisRead More Conflict in August Wilsons Fences and How it Affects the Work1376 Words   |  6 Pages Fences, by August Wilson, is a drama that focuses on the characteristics of black life in the mid to late twentieth century and the strains of society on African Americans. Set in a small neighborhood of a big city, this play holds much conflict between a father, Troy Maxson, and his two sons, Lyons and Cory. By analyzing the sources of this conflict, one can better appreciate and understand the way the conflict contributes to the meaning of the work. The first conflict in this playRead MoreFences, By August Wilson895 Words   |  4 PagesFences written by August Wilson is an award winning drama that depicts an African-America family who lives in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania during the 1950’s. During this time, the Mason’s reveal the struggles working as a garbage man, providing for his family and excepting life as is. The end of segregation began, more opportunities for African American people were accessible. Troy, who’s the father the Cory and husband of Rose has shoes fill as a working African America man. He is the family breadwinnerRead MoreFather and Son in Death of a Salesman, and Fences Essay966 Words   |  4 PagesThe role of a father could be a difficult task when raising a son. The ideal relationship between father and son perhaps may be; the father sets the rules and the son obeys them respectfully. However it is quite difficult to balance a healthy relationship between father and son, because of w hat a father expects from his son. For instance in the narratives, â€Å"Death of a Salesman,† and â€Å"Fences† both Willy and Troy are fathers who have a difficult time in earning respect from their sons, and being a roleRead MoreAnalysis Of Fences By August Wilson1251 Words   |  6 PagesFences by August Wilson is a play about African American life during the 1950’s era, it reflects a transitional time where African Americans begin to stand up and fight against racism. The father son relationship is a centering conflict within the play Fences. Throughout the play we are immersed into this complex connection of Troy and his two sons, Cory and Lyon. Troy struggles to create an identity separate from what is forced on him through an oppressive society. His battle with identity streams

As Faith Community Nurses ( Fcns ), We Advocate For The...

As Faith Community Nurses (FCNs), we advocate for the disable person. Knowing key resources for the members of our community will contribute to the success of our service. Thus, Internet is a tool used by the FCN to search and find organizations, get information on who they advocate for, know their mission and vision, contact individuals on the organization, and discuss concerns regarding individualized cases. Two advocacy websites called my attention when reviewing them in depth: The Center for Independent Living of South Florida, Inc. (CILSF) and the Victim Response, Inc. The CILSF is a private, non-profit organization and the majority of the staff and Board of Directors are people experiencing disabilities too. This organization was formed in 1993 due to the amazing amount of individuals with disabilities after hurricane Andrew. It is located at 4770 Biscayne Blvd., Miami, FL 33137; its phone number is (305) 751-8025; and its website is http://www.cilsf.org/. There are other offices in North Miami Beach and in Coral Gables. Five core areas shape the foundation of their services: Individual and systems advocacy, peer support, independent living skills training, and information and referral. The CILSF’s mission is â€Å"Empowering people with disability to reach their highest level of achievement. Advocating for systems change that results in access choice, equality, inclusion, integration, and independence (The Center for Independent, 2016).† The consumers, their families, and

Learning Styles- Theory of Multiple Intelligences Essay

At some point in each individual persons life they attend some type of school, class or learning facility. Whether it is at school, home or any other place that one would be taught a subject or lesson. While attending a class or lecture each person that is their to learn will grasp the concept of the lesson in a different way and gain a different amount of knowledge and understanding on the topic no matter what. This reason being is every one has a different way of learning. Just as each individual is different in their own way they also have a different way of gaining information from a source. The way people are able to grasp information that is being given to them is called a learning style. Below you will identify the different†¦show more content†¦This is the style most associate with in school since teachers usually verbally teach and use reading techniques for their students. A physical learner is able to act out information or perform it in a physical manner i s able to retain the information better than sitting in a lecture and listening to the information being delivered. Logical styles of learning are common with those who like mathematics. Being able to have reason behind what is being taught helps them to identify with the subject and gain a better understanding. The last two styles are social and solitary, which can relate to a persons social life. Some are better at learning with study groups and group projects while others prefer a private learning environment. (advanogy.com 2004). If a person has a strength or preference in one learning style, it does not mean they are unable to learn in other styles. It simply means that they will retain information more efficiently if it is delivered in their preferred style. Most information is delivered verbally, but visual learners are still able to obtain the information just not as easily or quickly as a verbal learner. When one has a weakness in a certain area of learning it coul d come at a disadvantage to them when in the classroom. In seeing that some people had weaknesses in areas that they were being tested on, Howard Gardner began research and introduced the multiple intelligenceShow MoreRelatedMultiple Intelligence Theory and Learning Styles946 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple intelligence theory and learning styles According to my multiple intelligence learning profile, I am an equally strong kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and existential learner. This suggests I learn by doing, learn best working with others, and have a big picture orientation. I seek what works in practice rather than theory. In my view, the fact that I received the same score in all three areas is indicative of the similarity between these different types of intelligences. For example, existentialRead MoreLearning Styles: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences782 Words   |  4 Pagesare many intelligences described to us through our lives, all over the world. Does in-telligence decide what we do with our lives, or is one intelligence more important than any other? When we look at Merriam-Webster (2013) for the definition of intelligence it states that it is the ability to learn different or new actions dependent on circumstances involved. So, who decides what intelligence is, and do we know if emotional intelligence, personal i ntelligence or any other intelligence plays a partRead MoreMultiple Intelligences and Learning Styles996 Words   |  4 Pages Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles Multiple Intelligences and Learning Styles In today’s society not everyone has heard of the theory of multiple intelligences however most people have heard of learning styles. Even in the education field, educators may not be able to correctly define both. Are multiple intelligences and learning styles two different names of the same thing? This paper will discuss their differences and similarities. According to Dunn, Denig, and LovelaceRead MoreMultiple Intelligences Are a Guide to Understanding How People Learn868 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Intelligences Multiple intelligences are a guide to understanding how people learn. Everybody has a mind of his or own, so of course people learn differently. However, one learns his or her styles at a young age. For instance, â€Å"the theory of multiple intelligences says that individuals are born with the innate capacity to succeed in a particular domain, and education should help to identify and develop students innate capacities† (The Difference Between Multiple Intelligences and LearningRead MoreLearning With Style Essay912 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Frames of Mind† this book introduced the theory of multiple intelligences (Armstrong). The theory of multiple intelligences challenged the conventional idea that intelligence could be measured and scored by a simple test giving us an â€Å"IQ† number. (Armstrong) The theory of multiple intelligences propounds that intelligence can be found in many forms and that different learning methods are required for different intell igences. Gardner identified 8 â€Å"intelligences†: linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatialRead MoreMy Learning Style: An Overview of Using Multiple Intelligences1352 Words   |  5 PagesLEARNING STYLE 4 My learning style: An overview of using multiple intelligences and a discussion of my own learning style The idea that everyone learns differently has become a kind of truism amongst the educational community. This concept seems to intuitively jive with what most teachers and students experience on an intuitive level when interacting in the classroom. Some students are kinesthetic learners. They fidget in their seats and have trouble listening to a lecture, but they come toRead MoreMultiple Intelligence And Learning Styles981 Words   |  4 PagesMultiple Intelligence and Learning Styles In a classroom, all students are unique in various different ways. They may be different through gender, race, socio-economic status, and so forth. They may also be different in how they learn information and how they think about information. Multiple Intelligence Theory was first introduced by Howard Gardner. Gardner believed that there are eight types of intelligence that people possess. Some people may be stronger in certain types of intelligence and weakerRead More Choosing the Right Application of Multiple Intelligence Theory1700 Words   |  7 Pagesthese extreme methods have too specific of an approach. A combination of learning styles, or multiple intelligences, is required to teach successfully. The introduction of the multiple intelligence theory has positively benefitted teaching by encouraging educators to stimulate each student’s learning strength everyday; regardless of the traditional teaching methods more commonly used. The multiple intelligence theory was created by Howard Gardner, and has been summarized nicely by McCain andRead MoreLearning Styles And Multiple Intelligences Essay919 Words   |  4 PagesThe effect of applying multiple intelligences and learning styles are theories that have been discussed heatedly in educational circles. Firstly, I’m going to introduce two of the learning styles. Kolb’s learning style model has settled on four styles: Accommodators: risk-takers who like to involve and try new things; Convergers: problem-solvers who enjoy organizing and hands-on application; Assimilators: passionate readers who learn well with reading and concepts patiently; Divergers: reflectiveRead MoreMultiple Intelligence Theory Of Learning1409 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract The multiple intelligence theory of learning states that there are several different areas of intelligence; kinesthetic, intrapersonal, and interpersonal are just three of the seven. Throughout time this theory has been in debate for challenging the classic school systems own theory on how all students learn one way and one way only. â€Æ' Introduction There is not one single person in the world who is exactly alike; you may think so but no. Each person out of the seven billion people in the

China Town Free Essays

string(56) " simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate\." 1. 0 Introduction During the 19th century, Malaya had been colonised by the British and many Chinese and Indian had migrates to Malaya. As a city, Kuala Lumpur had become the most crowded and fast development place. We will write a custom essay sample on China Town or any similar topic only for you Order Now Many colonial and migrations stay at Kuala Lumpur. Through colonisation and migration, both knowledge and methods of house construction had been adapted to the Malaya architecture during that time. Therefore there are many heritage buildings especially the Chinese shop houses had been influence by the foreign design. In this essay, I had make a field trip to Petaling Street to collect photographs of shophouses. Through the characteristic of the design of the shophouses I need to identify the Malaysia and foreign design influences of the traditional shop houses in Petaling Street. Description and contrast had been made of the influences of the shop houses by comparing the buildings which the structures had been influence by. 2. 0 Background 2. 1 British Colonisation In Malaysia During 19-20 Century Figure 1: Tin mine Tim mining, a popular activity amongst there and they increases many Chinese workers to migrates to Malaya (figure 1). Chinese migrates brought their tradition dwelling design where the two storey Chinese shop houses becomes common. â€Å"During British colonise Malaya, many public and private building had been built by the British which contain the mixture of architecture styles such as Renaissance, Palladia, Neoclassical and revived Gothic because Kuala Lumpur has become the Federal Capital and Headquarters of the Resident General. † (Mohammad Iza,(2010),p. 45. ) 2. 2 Shophouses Before 1880’s Chinese shophouses was a very simple construction of one storey houses which only use wooden parts supporting on attap roof which is open to the street. While the rear section of the shophouses was usually built on piles over a river to facilitate the delivery of goods. Most of the construction is use the locally available materials combine with Chinese architecture influence. Therefore curved gable are glazed ornamental tiles are some of the Chinese shop houses characteristic. Moreover the stucco decorations is the intention of which was to emphasis the character and background of the owner. The early shophouses are build in rows with uniforms facades and a continuous, covered five-foot way in front (figure 2). There are also jack roof on the shop houses which rise above the main roof to allowed accumulated hot air in the house to escape (figure 3). Besides that, there is also low rickety, shuttered window on the front of the first floor. Figure 2: Five-foot way Figure 3: Jack roof â€Å"Before World War II, the commercial centre of every Malaysian town was featured by one or more streets lined with usually two storeys high shophouses, where trading were occurred at the lower floor and the upper floors as residential accommodation area. † (Anon,(2008),p. 44. However, the position of the shop and residential space might be different depending on the number of floors of a shophouse. For an example, a single story shophouse tends to include residential area behind the shop; while for the shophouses of two or more storeys have residential space typically located above the shop. Early masonry shophouses were often built around 6-7 metres wide and 30 metres deep occasionally extended to 60 metres according to its location. They were often built in rows with uniform facades and a covered five-foot way in front of the shophouse. The five-foot way was first imposed by Sir Thomas Stamford Raffles, a British colonial administration that founded the city of Singapore in 1822. †(online,www. wikipedia. com). It is an old practice specifying that all shophouses should include a minimum five-foot-wide veranda on the ground floor. This building tradition addressed the extremes of the tropical sun and rain, and created pedestrian linkages at ground level. These shaded areas were conducive to the shopkeepers by providing an extra space area to displaying their products (figure 4) . Apart from that, the typical Chinese shophouse was built in rows with a common wall between each unit. The walls that separate the shophouses are generally constructed by local manufactured baked clay. They are structural, load bearing walls to transfer the weight of the roof and upper floors down to the ground. Besides, the front of the shophouse on the ground floor has no walls, enabling goods to be displayed along the full width (figure 5) . Since the shophouse has no front walls, the front will be boarded up with fitted timber panels and secured with horizontal bars to lock up the shop. In addition, to ventilate the shophouse, a central courtyard can be found inside, which was later reduced to an airwell when space became more precious (figure 6). It was built to cool the building before the air-conditioning was invented. Courtyards were typically for residence all over China especially in the less densely populated areas of the north where they were located at the central of the layout, which often surrounded by high walls. Besides, a lane was also allocated at the back of the shophouse as a sanitary lane. It is a space found in between two rows of shophouses that faced back to back. This lane allows bullock carts to collect night soil as well as for safety purpose, for example, allow access for a fire truck when required. Figure 4: Displaying their products at the five-foot way Figure 5: Ground floor of the shophouses has no front walls Figure 6: Airwell found in one of the shophouse 2. 3 Foreign architecture and design influence There are five types of shophouses, Traditional, Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician, Art Deco and Modern. There are three principal varieties of shop houses during 1930’s to 1940’s which are Utilitarian design is made by simple wooden shutters and a minimum of decorations. While the Neoclassical design had elaborate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorate the Greek and Roman columns and arnately decorated window frames, pediments, paraprets and cornices. However Art Deco is the simplest design which only use simplified lines and geometrical patterns to decorate. You read "China Town" in category "Papers" The Noeclassical style can by recognised by a Grecian pediment (figure 7) , columns (figure 8) and moulded plasters swags decorated the facade. Besides, some of the Neoclassical style include a parapet and the top of the building and ornate window frames. Different from the Neoclassical, Dutch Patrician design as a Dutch-inspired gable was adopted for the front facade of the shop houses. Figure 7: Neoclassical pediment Figure 8: Original style Neoclassical column Art Deco was started during 1930’s. The design only contain geometrical shapes and simplified lines were departure from the 1920’s style. The ground floor and windows are not original. This is because it is from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. Art Deco style had marked the transition from traditional vernacular and Western Neoclassical styles to Early Modernism and International style. 3. 0 Analysis 3. 1 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Neoclassical styles Figure 3. 1. 1: High ceiling found in Petaling Street shophouses(left) and St. George Hall, London(right). One of the special feature in Neoclassical architecture is high ceiling. High ceilings (Figure 3. . 1), tend to help to ventilate the air in the building through convection process, where the hot air rises and cool air sinks, as a result, the house will be cooling. The shophouses these days have a standard height of 8 metres, where space had become more precious besides saving cost. Figure 3. 1. 2: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Rue De Rivoli, Paris(right) painted in white o r pastel colours. Apart from the high ceiling, Neoclassical buildings are often painted in white or pastel colours (Figure 3. 1. 2). White and pastel colours are bright and attracts people’s attention. Furthermore, these colours are poor conductor of heat, they helps to reflect more of the visible light spectrum, causing the particular building to be as cooling as posible. This may be the reason why the buildings in Neoclassical period painted in this series of colour. Figure 3. 1. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Arc De Thriump, Paris(right) with parapet on the top. Parapet (Figure 3. 1. 3) is a wall-like structure at the edge of a roof, which served as a fire wall, that prevents the flames from coming up to the exterior of the building, igniting the roofing membrane. In addition, it also modifieds the wind flow over the roof so that the pressure exerted is distributed evenly to prevent it from collapsing. Figure 3. 1. 4: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Madeleine Church, Paris(right) with pediment. A pediment is a classical architectural element which consist of the triangular section found on top of a building, supported by the columns. It is founded in the classical Greek temples, Renaissance, and Neoclassical architecture. The pediment of Madeleine Church, Paris is filled with relief sculptures while the one found in Petaling Street shophouses are filled with floral sculptures (Figure 3. . 4). Figure 3. 1. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) columns. A column is an upright pillar which supports a beam or a roof, sometimes it might just simple for decoration purposes. There are 3 types of columns which is doric (oldest and simplest of classical orders), ionic (more complex than doric, with a scroll on top) and corinthian (with most ornate). Ionic order is found in the Petaling Street shophouses, while New York City Hall contained the doric order (Figure 3. 1. 5). Figure 3. 1. 6: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and New York City Hall(right) are symmetrical. Symmetry and balance are the most pedominat characteristic of Neoclassical buildings. This feature is recognizable easily as the left and the right portion of the building is the same to maintain the balance of the building so that it does not fall (Figure 3. 1. 6). 3. 2 Compare and contrast between Kuala Lumpur’s Chinatown shophouses to the original foreign Art Deco styles Figure 3. 2. 1: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d’Economie, Monteal (right) with flag pole. Concrete flagpoles are one of the common feature of Art Deco buildings (Figure 3. 2. 1). The flagpoles are stretched from the top of the building with bands or motif sculptured at the base of the poles as if it is attached to the wall of facade. Figure 3. 2. 2: Petaling Street shophouses column(left) and Patel’s Building, Durban’s column(right). On the other hand, Petaling Street shophouses and Patel’s Building (Figure 3. 2. 2) both have geometrical shapes running down the column, which is also a common feature of Art Deco architecture. Nonetheless, Petaling Street’s column has a mixture of both Art Deco and Neoclassical styles as on top of it’s column, since there’s some swirls on it which belonged to Ionic order. Figure 3. 2. 3: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Caisse Nationale d’Economie, Monteal’s (right) mouldings. Furthermore, plaster moulding is another characteristic of Art Deco architecture. Shanghai plaster is commonly used as it provides the same visual effect as stone and it’s a cheaper building material. This finished plaster was usually left in it’s original colour, sometimes painted in the pastel colour of the era. The fine vertical lines plaster moulding at Petaling Street shophouses and Caisse Nationale d’Economie, Monteal are easily recognizable (Figure 3. 2. 3). Figure 3. 2. : Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Thorp Coffee House(right) stated the year it was built. To the contrary, Art Deco buildings usually state the year that it was built on the top of the building. For example, the particular Shophouse in Petaling Street was built in the year 1910, therefore, the figure 1910 is placed on the top of the building as well as for Thorp Coffee House (Figure 3. 2. 4). Figure 3. 2. 5: Petaling Street shophouses(left) and Louis Hay’s Office(right) with air vents. Lastly, Art Deco buildings have horizontal air vents usually located above the windows (Figure 3. 2. 5). The air vent is placed above the window to cool down the interior of the building as hot air are less dense and rises up, thus, escaping through the air vents. 4. 0 Conclusion Through compare and contrast of the different style of the shop houses, we able find out that the different style of the shop houses was influence by different background. From the 18th century until now we can see that the style of the Chinese shop houses change according to the place the shop houses was built. Beside that, the structure of the shop houses also depends to the need of the owner and the period of time those shop houses was built. How to cite China Town, Papers

 The Philippine Mtual Fund Industry Swot Analysis free essay sample

A financial adviser will be hired the investment company to help choose where to place your money. In relation with his you’ll be having an access a boarder range of investment instruments such as equities, fixed income and real estate. Another, thing mutual fund has a low tolerance on risk through diversification. Finally, an investor whose considering to put his money in mutual fund would be delighted because of its lower transaction costs and minimum capital requirement of Php. 5,000 only. There are a lot of disadvantages that Philippine mutual funds industry is facing. First on the list is that the industry remains small after 41 years. Since the incorporation of the first mutual fund in the country which was Filipinas Mutual Fund at the end of 1998 there were only 15 investment companies participating in the industry with total assets of only 3.   billion. In addition to this there only 14 open-ended companies and only are closed-ended company each having 6000 and 8000 investors respectively. We will write a custom essay sample on   The Philippine Mtual Fund Industry Swot Analysis   or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page There were less than 200 SEC-licensed mutual fund salesmen. Obviously this will affect the operation of the investment companies engaging in mutual funds because the promotional activities is very minimal and so it generate lower income thus affecting the return of the investor. Secondly, the level of accountability reliability of the industry was not that good because out of 222 companies only 50 are generally considered to be truly investment rade companies. Environmental analysis There a lot of external factors that the mutual funds industry of the Philippines had. There may be a number of weaknesses the industry has but still many opportunities can be a tool to help revive the sector. The promulgations of the rules regulation Governing Investment companies under Republic Act 2629 with the support of SEC helped revive the industry after its downfall because of negative things that happen under the leadership of then President Ferdinand Marcos. That’s the point where in th eir investment companies emerged. Republic act 2629 can be redeveloped to help attract more investors in the industry because we need to adapt to the charging pattern of the market. Another thing also to consider is the challenge of ICAP to BSP’s position against alliances between the mutual fund industry and universal banks. It is the right time for the industry to take the risk of having strong relationship with banks and encourage the BSP to support them with its endeavour. It may create a great venue for the both sectors to shape the Philippine financial system. Finally, Personal Equity Retirement Account (PERA) as pattern on Individual Retirement Accounts (IRAS) is seen by the industry to help boost the mutual fund industry in the country. Through PERA accounts, a substantial part of Filipino saving is to be open among financial institutions including mutual fund companies. Aside from that, PERA offers tax incentives so it will be attractive to investors. There were lots of concerns that the industry can’t avoid. First, people were not familiar about mutual funds. One factor that may contribute to this is the fact that funds have very few retail outlets. The distribution channels consist primarily of the offices of the funds themselves. Another thing to consider was that the industry fell victim to a number of scams by some unscrupulous individuals. There came a time that mutual fund industry would become synonymous with the word â€Å"scam†. In addition to that, people preferred bank time deposit s as the most investment tools as they offer a safe guaranteed return compared to mutual funds that do not offer a guaranteed rate of return and more prove to risks. Pre-need plan also dominate the investment sector in the country. Pre-need plan is way better than mutual fund. There are 88 pre-need plan companies with total assets amounting to 78. 8million compared to 15 mutual fund companies with 12million in assets. Aside from that SEC has a minimum eye on preneed plan compared to mutual fund. Finally, the mutual fund industry of the country when compared to other countries is obviously uncompetitive. One factor that may contribute to this is   Philippines has one of the lowest saving rate in Asia of 17% is compared to Malaysia, Hongkong ,India and Thailand with 34%, 30%, 24% and 37% respectively. Strategic Issues and Recommendation Considering the fact that the mutual fund industry in the Philippines is small with only 15 companies and insignificant because people would prefer to invest in other financial instrument like preneed plan and common trust funds and time deposits on banks due to lack of familiarity and negative image it is very obvious that the Philippine mutual fund industry is undeveloped and growing very slowly. In order to help gain the popularity of mutual funds to investor, investment companies should hire more salesman reliable and advertising campaign to help promote their products. Revision of republic Act 2629 should also be implemented. This action should be actively supported by the Investment Company Association of the Philippines (ICAP) and not mutual fund companies alone.   Mutual funds industry should also seek for support of other financial institutions like banks, insurance companies and the like to create alliances and good relationship with each other. One strategy that a company can be used to achieve a sustainable competitive advantage against its rival is to provide a distinctive product or service. PERA accounts may be a great help for the industry to attract more customers. The industry should pursue this bill because it is a possible source of large inflows of capital into the industry.

INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE COLIMA Essays - DraftT.T. Blues

INSTITUTO TECNOLOGICO DE COLIMA INGENIERIA EN SISTEMAS COMPUTACIONALES UNIDAD 4, MECANICA DE LA EMPRESA TRABAJO INDIVIDUAL Nombre: ___________________________________________________ Grupo: ____________ Elige una empresa de tu interes, investiga su planeacion estrategica y contesta lo siguiente: Informacion general de la empresa. Nombre y logotipo de la empresa Que t ipo de empresa (industrial, comercial, servicios) Tamano Giro (desarrollo de software, venta de equipo, mantenimiento y servicio .. etc. ) Productos y/o servicios que ofrece Cual es su Mision ? Cual es su Vision? Cuales son sus valores? Incluye su a nalisis DOFA ( si no lo encuentras lo puedes elaborar ) Puntos fuertes Puntos Debiles De origen interno FORTALEZAS F DEBILIDADES D De origen externo OPORTUNIDADES O AMENAZAS A Objetivos y estrategias. Menciona al menos seis objetivos (Dos estrategicos, dos tacticos y dos operativos) y dos estrate gias para lograr cada uno de los objetivos TIPO DE OBJETIVO OBJETIVO AREA O DEPARTAMENTO AL QUE PERTENECE ESTRATEGIAS PARA LOGRAR EL OBJETIVO ESTRATEGICO 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. TACTICO 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. OPERATIVO 1. 1. 2. 2. 1. 2. Presenta su Organigrama Explica que tipo de organizacion tiene (funcional, geografico, por productos, por servicios) Explica que actividades o funciones realiza cada uno de los puestos del organigrama (incluye al menos cinco). NOMBRE DEL PUESTO ACTIVIDADES O FUNCIONES QUE REALIZA En una cuartilla e xplica que relacion existe entre su planeacion, su FODA , las estrategias que utiliza y los resultados obtenidos.

A Chevening Leadership Essay Sample Could Be the Answer

A Chevening Leadership Essay Sample Could Be the AnswerIf you are looking for a good leadership essay, a Chevening sample might be a good choice. This sample is perfect for students who would like to know more about the coaching programs, strengths and weaknesses of each of the top management positions, what is considered a good leadership resume and more.For the past several years, Chevening has been an international leader in excellence. Since its inception, the Chevening School of Management has worked tirelessly to promote the establishment of high performance education in business. One of the first executive leadership programs in the world, the Chevening Leadership University is considering the leading and most respected leadership program for both new graduates and current professionals. What this organization does is train its students to become leaders and mentors of tomorrow, helping to create a better tomorrow for everyone.A Chevening student has the opportunity to train w ith leaders from all over the world. They can attend lectures and participate in classes or conferences that are conducted outside of Chevening as well. All of this is done under the direct supervision of top executives from the Chevening School of Management.The Chevening Leadership Scholarship Program is one of the best choices for students interested in leadership. This scholarship provides funds to deserving students to continue their education after they graduate from Chevening. These scholarships come in various categories, but all of them provide the same benefits and advantages to those applying.Students who complete the Chevening Leadership Scholarship Program are eligible to apply for the Chevening College Scholarships for women, which offer funds to women who pursue their undergraduate degrees at the Chevening School of Management. This college scholarship is sponsored by an organization of exceptional women leaders called Chevening Women in Leadership, Inc.Another colleg e scholarship program sponsored by Chevening is the Chevening College Scholarships for Black Students, which provides funds to students interested in receiving higher education at Chevening. This scholarship is open to students with a GPA of 2.5 or higher and any minority groups.Chevening leadership programs are recognized worldwide as the best opportunities for individuals to learn the skills necessary to be a leader. This is truly a school that is building the foundation for the future leaders of tomorrow. This world-class program continues to grow, and provides high-quality mentoring programs for those students seeking higher education and leadership in the Chevening School of Management.

Ways To Avoid Plagiarism In Academic Papers

Ways To Avoid Plagiarism In Academic Papers Today, when the Internet is rich with all kinds of data, its extremely easy to find content for most academic papers. Thats awesome, but its not always that simple to use information from the net in your paper same time avoiding plagiarism. But you still can do it simply following some easy steps while writing your academic paper so that it will be 100% unique. Paraphrasing When you need to write an academic paper on the specific subject, the first thing to do is to find as much information as you can. Next, you need to read the material and write it in your own words. Make sure you dont copy more than 3 words in a row from the other text you have found online. If you want to literally use the same words (more than 3 words one after another), you should use quotation marks. The right use of quoting will be explained more properly further as the text goes. Citing Citing can be a very effective way to make your paper original. When you are completing some academic assignment, you should just go through the paper formatting guidelines (i.e. MLA, APA, Chicago, etc.) that your university uses or other institution that issued the request for a research. Citing usually entails the addition of information about the author(s) and the publishing date or other things like that. When it comes to web content, citing quotes usually engages the extension of a page number or the paragraph number. Its really that simple. However, make sure to do it properly. Quoting Now we are back to quoting. So, when quoting some other writer, you need to use the quote exactly the way it presents in an original document. Nobody wants to be wrong cited. Still, most universities hate to see quotations with 30 words or more as every student should be competent to adequately paraphrase most works. Sure, this technique is time-consuming, but such effort will pay off with a high grade! Be sure your quotation is not too long and one more thing, make certain to do quoting right to avoid plagiarism accusation. Citing Your Own Content If you are writing an academic paper and need to use some of the content from your previous papers, you need to cite yourself. So, treat the content the same as you tend to do with someone elses writing. It might sound strange, but if you use the same text you have used before that will be characterized as self-plagiarism, and thats not admissible. Referencing Its important to include a reference page that has works presented at the end of your academic paper. Just like for citing, this page must meet the standards for paper formatting of your university. That information must be very explicit and to include all important information. If you want to avoid plagiarism, you should go through the directions on this page very carefully. Checking Edit your academic paper faithfully and look for plagiarism before you turn it to your professor. The steps mentioned here before are crucial for academic paper writing. Also, you should consider using plagiarism detection services such as WriteCheck. It can be a good way to check your paraphrasing and other skills from this article. Likewise, most educators and universities use the some kind of plagiarism checkers to assess students papers. So, dont take the chance of submitting your work before checking it first. Plagiarism may cause you severe problems with your academic degree or even career troubles in the future. If you need expert advice while checking your paper, or if you are not sure what to include in your work, consider asking for help from Essay Writing Place. Our professional writers are ready to help with any college assignment. We want to share our knowledge, skills and experience and assist students when they need it. Well gladly help with preparing a reference list, quoting sources, editing paper or any other problem that may appear in the process of writing. If you feel that you cant cope with the task yourself, let us help you!

5 Tips to Prepare for a Job Interview

5 Tips to Prepare for a Job Interview A good interview can mean the difference between a new job and more months on the unemployment line. There’s one rule when it comes to the contemporary job hunt: you can never be too prepared. Let’s take a closer look at why interviews are so important and what you can do to ace your next interview. Know the JobJob postings are carefully crafted to convey a message to potential job applicants. Have you thoroughly reviewed and analyzed the job posting? Doing so can give you valuable insights into what a company is looking for to fill a particular vacancy with the right candidate.Rather than playing it by ear, be proactive. Take time to match up your own qualifications - including skills, knowledge, experience and character traits - against the job description. The more matches you make, the more closely your candidacy will align with a prospective employer’s expectations. Review this list before the interview to optimize your chances of impressing when job-speci fic questions arise.Know the CompanyThe internet has opened up a whole new world to job seekers. There’s no â€Å"flying blind† when it comes to selling yourself to a company you don’t know. A breadth and depth of information - from logical strategies to corporate culture - is readily available via web pages and social media. Researching the company doesn’t just help you be more prepared to answer any question that come your way; it also indicates initiative and interest to employers.This is also an opportunity to use social networking sites to your advantage. Do any of your friends or contacts have a relationship with a prospective employer? If so, they become a potentially valuable source of information.And be sure to evaluate your own social networking accounts, and clean up, if necessary. The best interview in the world won’t overcome an inappropriate Facebook photo.Demonstrating knowledge of the market in addition to the prospective company also contributes to your ability to make a winning impression. Are there any interesting industry trends happening right now? How is the company positioned within the current market? Today’s employers aren’t just looking for the â€Å"yes men† of days past. Rather, they’re looking for progressive-minded leaders who will forge the path to innovation.Practice Makes PerfectThe more confident you are in your ability to answer questions, the more positively you’ll represent yourself to prospective employers. Enlist the help of a family member or friend in advance to practice with you. While it may seem silly, it will lay the groundwork for a successful and in-control interview. Make sure to review these 6 hardest interview questions and be ready to tackle these questions with thoughtful answers that will help you land the job.In addition to practicing answering questions, make sure to have plenty of questions of your own. Ultimately, the interview is as much an opportunity for you to get to know a prospective employer as it is for a prospective employer to get to know you.The Clothes Make the Man/WomanFor better or for worse, we live in a world where material things matter. Choose a professional interview outfit and have it ready at all times. Business attire is essential for interviews with professional organizations. More casual environments may require less formal clothing, but the commitment to a neat appearance and personal grooming remains.Etiquette MattersYou’re not just being judged on what you say during an interview. You’re also being judged on what you do. Maintain a polite and pleasant demeanor with everyone you meet - from your fellow elevator resident to the receptionist.Body language plays an increasingly important role with employers: sit upright, maintain eye contact, and pay attention.Demonstrating the ability to listen during an interview is just as important as answering questions. The best inter views include both give and take: they’re a discourse as opposed to a stilted series of questions and answers. The more engaged you are in the conversation, the more engaged a hiring manager will be by you.Taking time to prepare for an interview can be time-consuming, but the potential payoffs are well worth the work. After all, one of the best investments you can make is a well-prepared interview that results in the job of your dreams.

Religion Does More Harm Than Good Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Religion Does More Harm Than Good - Essay Example I will also introduce my colleagues in the affirmative team that includes Hamad, who will come to discuss the impact of religion on politics of today as he tries to prove the point that religion has indeed negatively affected the political situation of the 21st century as it had done throughout history. My other colleague Rubby will be seeking to address the various situations in which religion has failed to honor its original intention of standing up for the people by trying to prevent some of the historical crimes that happened under the watchful eyes of religion. He will reveal to you that by failing to speak against some of those crimes in the society, religion was indeed supporting them thus contributing to harmful effects in the society in general. I will begin my submission by attempting to define each word of utmost importance in the motion so that we fully understand what we are dealing with. To begin with, religion can be described as an organized system of beliefs, world v iews and cultural systems that revolve around spirituality and the supernatural realm (Kant, Immanuel 2001). There are various religions around the world including Christianity, Islam, Judaism and Buddhism to mention but a few. Most religions have their own symbols, narratives and sacred historical events that aim at explaining the universe and life (Russell T. McCutcheon. 2001). By causing more harm than good in the society we mean that religion has led to more negativity in the society than positivity. The concept of religion has failed to live up to its intended objective of promoting good in the society and has become synonymous with negative and harmful issues in the society. With that being said, allow me ladies and gentlemen to proceed to my arguments in support of the motion that religion does more harm than good. Arguments First and foremost, the biggest source of disharmony among married couples is how most religions handle the question of divorce. In the contemporary soci ety we live in, divorce has become one of the best solutions of marriage conflicts, if it is handled well through a legal process. Most religions however are totally opposed to the concept divorce and cannot allow their members and followers to go through divorce. This has led to most religious people living miserable lives full of conflicts including domestic violence due to the fear of separation and divorce since as religion teaches, is against the will of God. Some of the biggest religions preach that marriage should stay together until death takes away one of the couples, and that no man can separate what has been joined together by God. Such doctrines hold no place in the contemporary society since the need of individuals and the institution of marriage itself has totally changed from what it was before. Whenever couples feel they have irreconcilable differences, the y have no other options than to divorce and share responsibilities, if any. This is a legal right most religion s deny their followers. The second most important argument is the disagreements and marriage conflicts brought about as a result of interfaith marriages. When people fall in love, it does not matter which faith they belong to. Love knows no boundaries, as they say. However, these religious differences often come in to play when two love birds come together to form a marriage union. The battles of supremacy over which faith or religion should preside over the marriage ceremony, or even which religion should the family and the children, if any, allowed to follow. Such

What are the main differences between contract and tort Essay

What are the main differences between contract and tort - Essay Example A contract can be in verbal or written form but the most important thing is that there would be an agreement especially between two parties. On the other hand, a tort law can be described as a civil wrong not arising from a contract and in the case of negligence, one should owe due consideration to one’s neighbour (Capiro Industries vs. Dickman 1990). According to the European labour laws, both the worker and the employee are bound by certain statutory regulations that would ensure that no party will breach the agreed contract. With regards to employment contracts, there ought to be written agreement which binds the two parties to honour their contractual obligations which can be enforceable in the court of law should one party defaults. Thus, as noted, a contract can be loosely defined as an agreement between two parties and these can be individuals or even organisations. One peculiar aspect of a contract is that one party offers to do In a contract, there is an agreement of offer and acceptance between two parties concerned and should any party defaults, then it is called breach of contract. It is against this background that the court of law intervenes to ensure that justice prevails so as to avoid unfavorable gain by another party on behalf of the other. Basically, the court would come in so as to protect the interests of the consumer or the second party especially in the case where there is bargaining of powers. Consumers in most cases are not choosers of the terms by which they would be bound in a contract hence the intervention of the courts. Thus, it can be noted that contracts are especially concerned with the enforcement of bargains. This is aptly shown in the case of Williams v Roffey Bros & Nicholls Contractors Ltd [1990] 1 All ER 512. Whilst Williams has been subcontracted and a payment of 20 000 pounds promised to be paid in installments, the contract was however silent on the period and

Sande Society and the Sowei Mask

Sande Society and the Sowei Mask Political, Educational, and Gender Aspects of the Womens Society of the Mende The Sowei Mask of the Sande Society is a symbol for the Mende people of Sierra Leone representing the ideals of feminine beauty, but the Sande Society also plays a key role in the nurturing, livelihood, and induction of young women into adults. This mask defines a goal for young women as well as symbolizes their transition from children to adults and, the Sande are the tools behind the Sowei which shape and mold the initiates of their society into women capable of managing marriage, political power, and even spiritual secrets. The Sowei Mask itself is carved from wood carefully with close attention to detail. Each mark is made with a greater picture in mind and at the end of the process the mask will epitomize the Mendes idealities of grace, beauty, and serenity. After the carving, the mask is painted and polished to a black, glossy shine. There are many Sowei Masks, all of which possess the black, glossy shine, but each mask can differ in many areas. The Sowei Masks can possess rolls of fat on the neck, scarification patters on the face, elaborate hairstyles, raffia around neck, and many other qualities which give it the elegance that it possesses. (Cosentino 17) The particular mask on display in the Stanley Collection has two small scarification patterns in low relief on either cheek of the mask, a beautiful hairstyle with a small bird perched on top. The mask is full of curves and the light catches off the surface to accent the slight cuts made along the hair of the figure give it a life like quality wh ich complements the serenity of the masks expression. Not only does the mask represent outer beauty, but also references the beauty of a womans inner strength and character. (Becker 82) The encircling ridges of a Sowei Mask which represent rolls of fat also are part of the origin of the mask. When a Sande society member who is particularly renowned for her choreography and dancing skill she is said to dream of diving into a pool, which is the dwelling place for female spirits. As she rises from the water, the ripples of the water on the surface form the rings around the base of the mask. The often complex and always elegant hairstyles of Sowei Masks are said to have come from Sande officials falling into water and emerges with a beautiful hairstyle.(Textbook 180) In performance, the Sowei is danced by the ndoli jowui alongside a second mask, the gondei, which is the antithesis of the Sowei. The gondei is sometimes a discarded Sowei Mask which has been worn down or broken. Occasionally pieces of trash such as tin cans or shells are attached to the gondei, further separating it from the Sowei. It is only when we see both masks that we separate the beauty and grace of the Sowei further from that of the grotesque and hideous form of the gondei. By having the two masks juxtaposed, we can see the grace and elegance in which the Sowei is danced in comparison with the ugly, stumbling dance of the gondei. The performance itself occurs in the weeks before the public portion of the Sande initiation. When the Sowei emerges from the bush to dance, she is admired and greeted by the entire town. (Cosentino 16-7) When the initiates themselves are present at the dance, they wear braclets of palm leaf fibers and body nets with small iron plates. Their faces ar e smeared with animal fat giving them a more youthful appearance. (Newland 125) To the Sande the Sowei Mask as a manifest of power from the spirit world. It is for this reason that while the Sowei Mask is the integral piece to bring the power needed to invest the initiates with everything they will need to marry, the mask also can appear in other places. Smaller versions can appear on the staffs and other objects used by higher ranking members of the Sande and small figures also are common. These objects represent the medicine of the Sande and their connection with the spirits. (Textbook 180) The Sande society itself is enormous; each village usually has its own Sande society governed by a council of elders. (Ellis 200) These elders are not only in charge of initation rites into the Sande society, and thusly into adulthood, but also the birthing, education, circumcision, political aspects, and spiritual aspects of the initiates underneath them. Once puberty is reached, the initiates are taken into the bush and taught the things they need to know to become adult women. Topics such as sex, dancing, fishing, cooking, and secrete medicines are discussed and generally a clitoridectomy, a female circumcision, is performed. After the initiates complete their training, they are eligible to marry and invested with fertility (Leach 58), but are taught that jealousy for ones co-wives is greatly discouraged. Initiates are also called and described by sex-specific terms from the moment they graduate into full genderhood. Men are forbidden from the Sande bush just as the women are from the Poro, the mens secrete society, bush. It is the responsibility of the Sande elders to punish any man who takes an initiate from the bush severely. The Soweis medicine is feared and when a man is pointed out as having broken a Sande law there is a fine or some other penalty which an elder determines. (Newland 125) Elder Sande officials are still susceptible to medicines which can affect their ability to deliver children, circumcise the initiates, and other tasks which are key to their position. The Poro and Sande societies together govern Mende ideas about gender and men and womens lives. Both genders have gender-specific tasks that are used to define a persons masculinity or femininity. Each group gives access to specific male and female medicines and social and political support. Both groups also give elders of the societies access to a higher status position in the villages. This status is known as a big man or big woman. The title comes with the responsibility of caring for the political or financial assistance of others. In Mende society both men and women can become a big person or numu wa. While the Sande will protect women from exploitation, abuse, and give them political and social support, the society also produces asymmetry. The high-ranking members usually gain their position from descent, and by controlling the important knowledge of the Sande, they are able to elicit loyalty or even material goods from the initiates and their families. In this way, the Sande s ociety acts as a driving force in socio-political structures in what would otherwise be a male dominated society. With the polarized and parallel powers of the Poro and Sande societies, women are not considered inferior to men, they are only considered different. (Leach 59-60) The Sande serve as mentors for young girls becoming women, but they also serve as friends and colleagues. Every woman who is considered an adult in Mende culture has been initiated and graduated from the Sande society. The initiates they graduate with become their social system of support and the society leaders are there to protect them as well. It is in this way that we see that all Mende women are connected. In summary, the Sowei Mask demonstrates the inner and outer beauty of the perfect woman, which every initiate of the Sande society and thus every woman considered an adult, strives to attain. Not only do the Sande teach young women about life, but also provide them with a network of support for the rest of their lives. In this way, the Sowei Mask represents not only the Sande, but all adult Mende women and their unavoidable connection to each other.